﻿Two new genera and five new species of Corinnidae Karsch, 1880 (Arachnida, Araneae) from China and Vietnam

﻿Abstract Six species of the family Corinnidae Karsch, 1880 are described from China and Vietnam. Fengzhengen. nov. is erected to accommodate F.menglasp. nov. (♂♀) from China; Penggen. nov. is erected to accommodate P.birmanicus (Thorell, 1897), comb. nov., P.borneensis (Yamasaki, 2017), comb. nov. and P.taprobanicus (Simon, 1897), comb. nov., transferred from Sphecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895. Further new species described include Allomedmassatamdaosp. nov. (♂), Echinaxbaishasp. nov. (♂), Medmassalingshuisp. nov. (♂), and Spinirtashaoguansp. nov. (♂). The male of P.birmanicus is described for the first time.

Two new genera and five new species of Corinnidae Karsch, 1880 (Arachnida, Araneae) from China and Vietnam
The goals of the present paper are the description of two new genera: Fengzhen gen. nov. and Peng gen. nov.; the description of five new species: Allomedmassa tamdao sp. nov., Echinax baisha sp. nov., Fengzhen mengla sp. nov., Medmassa lingshui sp. nov., and Spinirta shaoguan sp. nov.; and the first description of male Peng birmanicus (Thorell, 1897) comb. nov.

Materials and methods
Specimens were examined and measured with a Leica M 205C stereomicroscope. Left male pedipalps were photographed and drawn. Epigynes were photographed before dissection. Vulvae were treated in a 10% warm solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) to dissolve soft tissues before illustration. Images were captured with a Canon EOS 750D wide zoom digital camera (24.2 megapixels) mounted on the stereomicroscope mentioned above and assembled using Helicon Focus v. 3.10.3 image stacking software (Khmelik et al. 2005). All measurements are given in millimetres (mm). Leg measurements are shown as: total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus), missing data were coded as '-'. Leg segments were measured on their dorsal side. The species distribution map was generated with ArcGIS v. 10.2 (ESRI, Inc.). Spination is variable, even within the same species or individual, the ventral spines always appear in pairs and are sometimes important diagnosis, therefore, arrangement of spines of other views are not included in species descriptions. The specimens studied are preserved in 75% ethanol and deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China.
Terminology and taxonomic descriptions refer to Jin et al. (2019) and Zhang et al. (2023).
The following abbreviations are used in the descriptions:  Fig. 1A-C). Tibia with ventral surface flat and slanting, not forming a hump, with triangular prolateral tibial tubercle; retrolateral tibial apophysis well developed, with wide base and sharp end, only curved at end. Cymbium tip conical. Tegulum slightly flattened basally, slightly convex on retrolateral side, 3/5 length of cymbium, with U-shaped sperm duct. Subtegulum exposed prolaterally. Embolus slender, spine-shaped, and slightly curved.
Distribution. Vietnam (Vinh Phuc, type locality; Fig. 14   Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. The new species resembles E. hesperis Haddad, 2012 (cf. Figs 3, 4 andHaddad 2012: 43, figs 3-4, 46, 56-59), as the males have a similar sperm duct ( Fig. 3A-C). Males can be distinguished by the embolus that is relatively more curved apically ( Fig. 3A-C; vs. embolus relatively slightly curved apically), and by the base of the embolus almost straight ( Fig. 3B; vs. base of the embolus curved). Female unknown.
Epigynal region (Fig. 6A, B) heavily sclerotized. Epigynal plate round, as wide as long, posteriorly with one membranous, nearly round hood. Vulva with large, elongate-elliptical spermathecae close to each other, pair of fertilization ducts, and with two copulatory ducts converging into one copulatory opening.
Discussion. This new genus Fengzhen can be easily distinguished from other genera in the family Corinnidae based on the following two most obvious morphological characteristics: male tibial apophysis located on the ventral surface and female two copulatory ducts converging into one copulatory opening. Morphologically, it is most similar to Medmassa, with the type species Fengzhen mengla sp. nov. being the most similar to M. diplogale Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 from Borneo. The male palpal embolus and sperm duct of M. diplogale are similar to F. mengla sp. nov. but lack a prominent ventral tibial apophysis (Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: figs 544-546). At the same time, the hood on the epigynal plate posteriorly is a common feature of M. diplogale and F. mengla sp. nov., and M. diplogale with two obvious copulatory openings (Deeleman-Reinhold 2001: figs 553, 554). None of the other females in Medmassa have hoods. Another important feature that distinguishes Fengzhen from Medmassa is that the former has a bulging carapace, while the latter has a flat carapace. Based on the above morphological characteristics, we consider the species from Xishuangbanna, China as a new genus Fengzhen gen. nov. Due to the specimen being stored at room temperature for more than ten years, DNA extraction is no longer possible, so cladistics analysis is missing in this work. Therefore, the monophyly of Fengzhen needs further discussion in future work that include molecular analysis. Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. See the generic diagnosis above. Description. Male (holotype; Fig. 6C, D). Total body length 4.33: carapace 2.21 long, 1.66 wide; abdomen 2.12 long, 1.43 wide. Carapace reddish brown, obviously convex, highest before fovea, with dark marginal patterns; thoracic region almost round, cephalic region parallel-sided; radial and cervical grooves indistinct; fovea longitudinal, dark brown. Diameters of eyes: AME 0.14, ALE 0.13, PME 0.13, PLE 0.12. Eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.11, AME-PME 0.14, ALE-PLE 0.04. CRW/carapace width = 0.67. MOA 0.38 long, front width 0.32, back width 0.37. Clypeus height almost 1.5 ×diameter of AME. Chilum present, single, triangular, sclerotized and reddish brown. Chelicerae same color as carapace, with granular protrusions on surface, covered with short setae; with three promarginal teeth, six retromarginal teeth. Endites brown, longer than wide, subapically with membranous area, apical margin with long, curved setae. Labium brown, 0.28 long, 0.40 wide. Sternum brownish, shield-shaped, longer than wide. Sternum 0.98 long, 1.00 wide. Legs brown, but brownish on coxae. Palp (Fig. 5A-C). Tibia with triangular prolateral tibial tubercle and spineshaped ventral tibial apophysis, located in middle of tibia; retrolateral tibial apophysis absent. Cymbium long and narrow, retrolaterally with small outgrowth, and with deep furrow ventrally, extending to tip. Tegulum elongate-elliptical, 3/4 length of cymbium, with U-shaped sperm duct. Subtegulum exposed prolaterally. Embolus slender, spine-shaped, and almost straight.
Etymology. The generic name is dedicated to Chinese arachnologist Xianjin Peng, born in 1963 in Cili, Hunan Province, China. Gender is masculine.
Description. Small-sized, ant-mimicking spiders (Fig. 11A-J). Carapace black, covered with granular protuberances, with two distinct regions, cephalic region ladder-shaped, distinguished from thoracic region by deep constriction, thoracic region long, almost 2 × of cephalic region, fusiform, lateral margins weakly undulated, terminating with small raised dome; thoracic groove absent. AER slightly procurved in frontal view, PER strongly recurved in dorsal view; AME largest, diameter of ALE subequal to PLE. MOA almost square. Clypeus height larger than diameter of AME. Chelicerae same color as carapace, covered with long dark setae along anterior surface, and with intensive promarginal setae. Endites brown to black, longer than wide, subapically with membranous area, apical margin with long setae. Labium black, longer than wide. Sternum reddish brown to black, elongate, granulose, covered with white feathery setae, anteriorly extending beyond coxae I, tapering posteriorly, extending between coxae IV, contiguous with precoxal and intercoxal sclerites. Sternum much longer than wide. Legs black, but white on most coxae I. Abdomen ovoid, reddish brown to black, covered with granular protuberances, males with scutum almost covering the whole dorsum surface, females with scutum almost covering 1/2 to 2/3 of dorsum surface. Palpal (Fig. 9A-F) tibia short, longer than wide, covered with numerous bristles, and with slender spines prolaterally; prolateral tibial tubercle triangular; without retrolateral apophysis and setal projection. Cymbium tip conical, with deep furrow ventrally. Tegulum pyriform, with sperm duct curved twice at ventral surface of posterior tegulum. Subtegulum exposed retrolaterally. Embolus short, sclerotized, strongly curved apically.
Epigynal region (Fig. 10A, B) heavily sclerotized. Epigynal plate with two elliptical, downward copulatory openings, situated at posterior part of epigynal plate. Vulva with symmetrical spermathecae, divided into two chambers, shape of spermathecae varies. Copulatory ducts tubular, connect the junction of two chambers.
Discussion. The genus Sphecotypus was established based on a species collected from Nicaragua to Brazil and Bolivia by O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1895. Subsequently, three species from Asia were added to this genus. From a morphological perspective, there are significant differences in habitus and genitals between American and Asian species, such as the median constriction of abdomen, intercoxal sclerite between two coxae IV on the sternum and male palp (refer to the above genus diagnosis for details). Secondly, combined with geographical distribution, we transferred three species from Asia and established a new genus Peng gen. nov. Due to the fact that the specimens collected at that time were not stored at low temperature in 95% alcohol, DNA could no longer be extracted. The phylogenetic relationship between Peng and other related genera needs further experimental discussion. (Thorell, 1897), comb. nov. Diagnosis. The new species resembles P. borneensis (Yamasaki, 2017) (cf. Figs 9-11 andYamasaki et al. 2017: 26, figs 9-28) as the males have a similar sperm duct (Fig. 9A-C). Males can be distinguished by the embolus slightly curved apically in ventral view (Fig. 9B, E; vs. embolus strongly curved apically in ventral view); females by the copulatory ducts long and curved ( Fig.  10B; vs. copulatory ducts shorter and almost straight), by the spermathecae II comma-shaped ( Fig. 10B; vs. spermathecae II large and sac-like), and by the spermathecae II with accessory lobes (Fig. 10B; vs. spermathecae II without accessory lobes).
Female (Figs 10A Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. The new species resembles S. aurita Zhang, 2020 (cf. Figs 12, 13 andZhang 2020: 317, figs 3D, 14A-I, 15A-D) as the males have similar triangular prolateral tibial tubercle (Fig. 12A) and a retrolateral tibial apophysis with the outer edge ear-shaped (Fig. 12B, C). Males can be distinguished by the tibia with a large, triangular ventral apophysis ( Fig. 12A-C; vs. tibia with inconspicuous ventral protrusion), by the ventral surface of retrolateral tibial apophysis with long coniform spines (Fig. 12B, C; vs. ventral surface of retrolateral tibial apophysis with short coniform spines), and by the embolus digitiform, curved, apically sclerotized, with filelike grooves on the surface, and with two coniform apophyses distally and a small sharp apophysis centrally ( Fig. 12A-C; vs. embolus long, with long and sharp embolar apophysis, file-like grooves almost invisible on embolar apophysis surface). Female unknown.